![]() 14, 15īlue-field entoptic phenomenon (Scheerer's phenomenon) This protective reflex is described as the upward and slightly outward movement of the globe during the eyelid closure to avoid corneal exposure. ![]() Is defined as the episode of dramatic bradycardia following pressure on globe or traction/manipulation of extra-ocular muscles in ocular surgery due to the vagal response stimulated by the connection between the trigeminal and vagal nerves. 12Īschner-Dagnini phenomenon (Oculocardiac reflex, trigemino-vagal reflex) It can be observed neurosyphilis, diabetes, multiple sclerosis and dorsal midbrain syndrome. The phenomenon is defined as no or poorly reacting irregular and narrow pupils to light but reactive to near vision when looking at a target within near distance ("light-near dissociation"). ‘'V'' phenomenon often mainly seen in the bilateral hyperfunction of the lower oblique muscles, while as ‘'A'' phenomenon occurs in the bilateral hyperfunction of the upper oblique muscles. ![]() However, nomenclature ‘'A'' letter instead of ‘'Λ'' in English spelling of this phenomenon. Conversely, if the angle of strabismus is lower in upgaze and greater in downgaze, the status of the eyes forms to the Greek letter "Λ". If the angle of strabismus is greater in upgaze and lower in downgaze, the status of the eyes cause the letter «V» appearance. Some of these are actual phenomena that we have known already before but are called differently. In this editorial, to search in academical and scientific databases and indexes, we tried to present in alphabetical order, some common phenomena in ophthalmology. 8, 9 Regarding phenomena in ophthalmology, we fund just a publication by Sharma et al., 10 in the web. It is usually detected by the physician even if the patient cannot observe and experience it. 5–7On the other hand, the term in medicine ‘’ sign’’ is any abnormal, observable evidence or physical phenomenon which often indicates dysfunction or disease. Reflex is defined as ‘' an involuntary physical reaction or automatic response from the nerve impulse to a stimulus. However, terms ‘’syndrome and disease’’ are not often confused with the phenomenon. 4 The term ‘’phenomenon’’ can sometimes be miscalled equally to the terms ‘'sign or reflex''. In medical literature, it is often used in the meaning of a symptom an occurrence of any sort, whether ordinary or extraordinary, in relation to a disease. 3 Scientists uses it to describe any event or fact that could be observed, amazing or not. ![]() 1, 2 Phenomenon in philosophy has been defined as ‘’any object, fact, or occurrence perceived or observed’’. The term is originated from the word ‘'phainomenon'' in Greek with the meaning of ‘thing appearing to view'' and entered into Latin alphabet. The phenomenon is defined as ‘'an event or fact or situation that is observed to exist or happen'', or ‘'something that exists and manifests itself and can be seen or perceived with sensations''. ![]()
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